Übersetzung für "Action brought by individuals against a Directive " (Englisch → Französisch) :

action brought against an institution of the Communities

action brought against the Commission

Definition: This category differs from others in that it includes disorders identifiable on the basis of not only symptoms and course but also the existence of one or other of two causative influences: an exceptionally stressful life event producing an acute stress reaction, or a significant life change leading to continued unpleasant circumstances that result in an adjustment disorder. Although less severe psychosocial stress ( life events ) may precipitate the onset or contribute to the presentation of a very wide range of disorders classified elsewhere in this chapter, its etiological importance is not always clear and in each case will be found to ...[+++]depend on individual, often idiosyncratic, vulnerability, i.e. the life events are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain the occurrence and form of the disorder. In contrast, the disorders brought together here are thought to arise always as a direct consequence of acute severe stress or continued trauma. The stressful events or the continuing unpleasant circumstances are the primary and overriding causal factor and the disorder would not have occurred without their impact. The disorders in this section can thus be regarded as maladaptive responses to severe or continued stress, in that they interfere with successful coping mechanisms and therefore lead to problems of social functioning.

The consequences of the introduction of Article 194 TFEU on energy has been the subject of an action brought by Parliament against Council, in which the Court concluded that the proposed legislation should have been based on that article and not on Article 337 TFEU and Article 187 Euratom.

The German courts at first instance and on appeal held that, according to EU law , they did not have international jurisdiction to rule on the action brought in Germany against defendants domiciled in the United Kingdom, Spain and Israel.

2. Articles 8, 9 and 10 shall apply to actions brought by the injured party directly against the insurer, where such direct actions are permitted.

As individual actions may not suffice, collective actions brought by genuine and qualified entities, such as consumer associations or trade organisations acting on behalf of individual claimant should be explicitly included in this Directive.